More vocabulary!

einen - masculine a/an
eine - feminine a/an
nicht - 'not' (to be used after the verb)

Example:- Das Kind lernt nicht => the child does not learn

Nouns

das Madchen - girl
die Zeitung - newspaper
das Brot - bread
die Frau - woman
das Kind - child
Lehrer - teacher(s)

Verbs

trinken - drinking
(Ich trinke, du trinkst, er/es/sie trinkt, wir trinken, ihr trinkt, sie/Sie triken)

essen - eating
(Ich esse, du isst, er/es/sie isst, wir essen, ihr esst, sie/Sie essen)

haben - having
(Ich habe, du hast, er/es/sie hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben)

sein - to be
(Ich bin, du bist, er/es/sie ist, wir sind, ihr seid, Sie sind)

Simple sentence formation (with object and verb)

Now, I'll turn to basic sentence formation.

For a sentence, you essentially need an object and a verb associated with it.

An object could be male/female/non-gender. Accordingly, the determiners (i.e. the equivalent word for "the") in German are:-

Der (male) - pronounced as "di-er"
Die (female)Das (non-gender)

Now, when objects are pronouns:-

ich (I)
du (You)
er (He)
sie (She)
es (It)
wir (we)
ihr (you in plural)
sie (They)

Yes! Both 'she' and 'they' are same. Only way to distinguish is the corresponding verb form used.
Also, there's a formal 'you' in German - Sie. Notice the capitalization! This is used in formal contexts with respect.

Now, we come to verb forms (with respect to the verb 'lerne:-

ich lerne
du lernst
er/sie/es lernt
wir lernen
ihr lernt
sie lernen

So, with this exercise, one should be able to form simple sentences describing what someone is doing. But of course, there's way more vocabulary left, and lot more road to cover for everyday complex sentences.

My First Lesson

This is a place where I'm going to put my learnings in German to the test, courtesy duolingo.com

Before everything else, one very important thing to keep in mind is that all nouns' first letters are capitalized in German.

Common phrases for conversation:-

English	German
hello	hallo
bye	tschuss
please	bitte
sorry/excuse me	Entschuldigung*
see you soon	bis bald
thanks	danke
welcome	willkommen
goodbye	auf wiedersehen
yes	ja
no	nein

*also noun meaning 'apology', hence the capitalization